Amava oSetyenziso lweBhokisi yeSharps kunye neZenzo zoLawulo loKhuseleko
Iibhokisi zeSharps zizikhongozeli ezibalulekileyo zokuqokelela izinto ezibukhali kwezonyango, elebhu, kunye nezicwangciso zemizi-mveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo okufanelekileyo kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokhuseleko lwe-biosafety. Ngokuqwalasela kunye nohlalutyo lwexesha elide{2}}umbhali ufumanise ukuba ukhetho oluchanekileyo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa okulandelayo kweebhokisi ezibukhali kubandakanya iinkcukacha ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezifuna ingqalelo yomsebenzisi. Eli nqaku lihlalutya iimpawu zokusebenza, iinkqubo zokusebenza, iingxaki eziqhelekileyo, kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula iibhokisi ezibukhali kwiimeko eziphathekayo, ezijolise ekuboneleleni abaqeqeshi abafanelekileyo abanamava abalulekileyo kunye namava.
I. Imisebenzi enguNdoqo kunye neNqobo yokuKhetha yeeBhokisi zeSharps
Undoqo webhokisi yee-Sharps kukugcina izinto ezibukhali ezinje ngeenaliti, ii-scalpels, kunye namaqhekeza eglasi ngokuzihlukanisa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokutywinwa, ukuthintela ukuhlatywa ngengozi okanye imikrwelo enokukhokelela kwigazi{0}}izifo ezithwalwa yigazi (ezifana ne-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis B) okanye ukutyhileka emsebenzini. Imisebenzi yayo engundoqo ibonakaliswe kwimiba emithathu: eyokuqala, ukuxhathisa i-puncture -impahla yebhokisi kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokungena ngokuthe ngqo ngezinto ezibukhali ngaphandle kokwaphulwa (ngokwesiqhelo eyenziwe nge-high-i-polyethylene yoxinaniso okanye i-polypropylene, kunye ne-puncture resistance ye-Greater than or equal to 10N); okwesibini, ukutywina -xa ifakwe ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka itywinwe ngokupheleleyo nge-snap okanye{6}}indlela yokuzitshixa ukunqanda ukuvuza; kwaye okwesithathu, ukuleyibhile okucacileyo{7}}kufuneka kubhalwe ngophawu lwesilumkiso sebhayohazard (njengonxantathu ovunyiweyo wamazwe ngamazwe "biohazard triangle"), imida yomthamo, kunye nesebe losetyenziso.
Xa ukhetha ibhokisi ebukhali, iiparameters kufuneka zimiselwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Kwizicelo zonyango, iibhokisi ezibukhali ezityheli ezithobela umgangatho weYY/T 0506{6}}2016 (ubuchule obuqhelekileyo be-1L, 2L, kunye ne-3L) ziyakhethwa. Kwielabhoratri eziphatha izinto ezibukhali zekhemikhali ezonakalisayo (ezinje ngamaqhekeza eglasi ecuvette), iibhokisi ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe ngeasidi{7}} kunye ne-alkali{9}}izinto ezixhathisayo ziyafuneka. Kwimizi-mveliso (efana nomatshini), iibhokisi zentsimbi{11}}ezinemigca ebukhali ezinamandla amakhulu (5L nangaphezulu) kunye neziseko ezingatyibiliki ziyacetyiswa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweebhokisi zekhadibhodi eziqhelekileyo okanye iibhakethi zeplastiki njengeendawo zezikhongozeli ezibukhali akuvumelekanga. Ezi zikhongozeli ziyasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokungabhobhozi kwaye zingangeni moya kwaye zinokubeka ingozi enkulu yokhuseleko.
II. Iinkcukacha eziPhambili kwiiNkqubo zokuSetyenziswa okusemgangathweni
Izikhongozeli zeSharps kufuneka zibambelele ngokungqongqo kumgaqo othi "ukusetyenziswa nokulahla" ukuthintela ukuphuphuma okanye ukuvezwa kwezinto ezibukhali ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokugcinwa. Le miba ilandelayo ifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza:
(I) Ukuma kunye neNdawo yokuSebenza
Izikhongozeli ze-Sharps kufuneka zibekwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo enokufikelelwa ngumsebenzisi (ingabi ngaphezu kwe-50 cm) kwaye kumphakamo okwinqanaba leliso okanye ngaphantsi kancinane kwengqiniba (malunga ne-70-90 cm) ukunqanda okubukhali ukuba siwe ngenxa yokugoba okugqithisileyo okanye ukolula. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha leenkqubo ze-venipuncture, abahlengikazi banokuxhoma i-container ye-1L ebukhali kwicala lenqwelo yonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinaliti zingasuswa ngaphandle kokuhambisa ezinye izinto. Kwigumbi lokusebenza, izitya ezibukhali ze-2L zihlala zikhuselekile kumda wetafile yesixhobo, ukuvumela umqhubi ukuba alahle ngokuthe ngqo iinaliti ze-suture.
(II) Amanyathelo okhuseleko kwi-Sharps Disposal
Xa ulahla izinto ezibukhali, gcina isiphelo esibukhali sijonge ezantsi kwaye uvumele umxhuzulane ukuba wehle ngokwendalo ukuya ezantsi kwebhokisi. Musa ukutyhala ngqo ngezandla zakho (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-tweezers ukutyhala inaliti). Kwizinto ezibukhali ezinetyhubhu (umzekelo, iikhathetha ezihlala ngaphakathi), yahlula inaliti kwityhubhu ngaphambi kokuba uyifake ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwii-ampoules zeglasi, cofa intamo yebhotile ukuze ususe i-debris ngaphambi kokuba uyibeke kwibhokisi ebukhali (ukuphepha ukusabalalisa amaqhekeza). Kulumkele ukugalela ngokugqithisileyo. Xa ibhokisi elibukhali lizaliswa kwi-3/4 yomthamo walo (malunga ne-2-3 cm ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu), kufuneka ivalwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuzaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwandisa umngcipheko we-sharps punctures (idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba i-sharps puncture rate yi-47% ephezulu xa ibhokisi igcwele ngokupheleleyo kunokuba i-3/4 igcwele).
(III) IiMfuno eziZodwa zokuValwa noThutho
Iibhokisi ezibukhali ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo kufuneka zivalwe nge-snap ezinikeleyo okanye isitshixo esijikelezayo (ezinye iimodeli zifuna ukucinezela iithebhu kumacala omabini de kuviwe ukucofa). Nje ukuba zivaliwe, akufuneki ziphinde zivulwe. Ngexesha lothutho, iibhokisi zezothutho ezikhethekileyo (ezihambelana nemigangatho yezothutho ye-UN2814 ye-biosafety) kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuthintela izikhongozeli ezibukhali ukuba zingaphumi okanye zicunyuzwe. Izikhongozelo ezibukhali ezilahlwayo (ezithatha ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezi) kufuneka zitshiswe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ngokwemigaqo yeenkqubo zokulahla inkunkuma yezamayeza. Izikhongozeli eziphinda zisetyenziswe ezibukhali (ezifana nezinye zesinyithi{6}}ezifakwe imigca) kufuneka zicolwe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu{7}}lomphunga woxinzelelo (121℃for 20 minutes) kwaye zihlolwe ukuba azikho iintsimbi ezishiyekileyo phambi kokuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
III. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye neZicwangciso zoPhuculo
Ngokwenyani, ulawulo lwezikhongozeli ezibukhali lusajongene nemiba eqhelekileyo: Okokuqala, abanye abasebenzisi bayalibazisa ukuvala izikhongozeli ngenxa yokungabikho lula, okukhokelela kwizikhongozeli ezigqithisileyo; okwesibini, izitya azikhuselwanga ngexesha lokuthutha, okukhokelela ekuweni kunye nomonakalo; okwesithathu, abasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga (njengabasebenzi bokucoca) bachukumise ngempazamo izikhongozeli ezingavalwanga. La manyathelo alandelayo anokuphunyezwa ukulungisa le miba:
•Qinisa uQeqesho kunye nokuBekwa kweliso: Ukuqhuba uqeqesho oluthe gqolo malunga nokuphatha ngendlela eyiyo izikhongozeli ezibukhali (ingakumbi kubasebenzi abatsha), qinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokujonga iindawo kunye nophononongo lwangaphakathi kwamasebe, kunye nokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kuvavanyo lomsebenzi.
•Phucula ubumbeko lwehardware: Fakela izibambi zekhonteyina ezibukhali (ezine-anti{0}}iphedi zokutyibilika nezithinteli) kwindawo{1}}ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ezifana namagumbi onyango kunye neelebhu ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwesikhongozeli. Sebenzisa iinqwelo zothutho ezineendawo zokubeka ezizinzileyo ukuthintela amaqhuma ngexesha lokuhamba.
• Ukucalula ulwahlulo loxanduva: Chonga umntu ozinikeleyo oza kuba noxanduva lokutshintsha nokubhaliswa kwezikhongozeli ze-Sharps (ixesha lokurekhoda ukufakwa endaweni, umthamo, kunye nomntu onoxanduva) ukuseka inkqubo yolawulo{0}}evaliweyo. Ukubonelela ngemfundo yokhuseleko kubasebenzi abancedisayo, njengabasebenzi abacocayo, kwaye ugxininise umthetho osisiseko othi "ungachukumisi izikhongozeli ezibukhali ezingafakwanga."
Ukuqukumbela
Nangona izikhongozeli ezincinci, ezibukhali zisisithintelo esibalulekileyo kukhuseleko nokhuseleko emsebenzini. Ukusuka kukhetho oluchanekileyo ukuya kusetyenziso olufanelekileyo kunye nokulahlwa okulandelayo, inyathelo ngalinye lifuna ingqalelo ecokisekileyo. Kuphela kungokuqwalaselwa okucokisekileyo kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo apho umngcipheko wokwenzakala okubukhali unokuncitshiswa kwaye impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabaqhubi luqinisekiswe. Kumaziko ezonyango, iilebhu, kunye namashishini emizi-mveliso, ukubandakanya ulawulo lwesikhongozelo esibukhali kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni (ii-SOPs) ayiyomfuneko yomthetho kuphela kodwa ikwalukhetho oluyimfuneko ekukhuseleni ubomi bomntu.
